Terminology

 

TDM Strategy	Description
Transportation Demand Management	A variety of strategies (see below) to influence travel behavior by mode, cost, time, or route in order to reduce the number of vehicles and to provide mobility options.  TDM strategies are often applied to achieve public goals such as reduced traffic congestion, improved air quality, and decreased reliance on energy consumption.  TDM strategies are also used by employers to reduce overhead costs, enhance productivity, and address other business problems such as employee turnover.
Carpool	A group of two or more passengers sharing a ride in an employee's private vehicle to and from work, either using hone car and sharing expenses, or rotating the vehicle used so that no money changes hands.
Compressed Work Week	A scheduling program which consists of condensing standard number working hours into fewer than five days per week or fewer than 10 days per two week period.
Congestion Pricing	The imposition of fees, in differential rates varying by time of day and location depending on the level of congestion, on road users in congested zones or traveling on congested roads.
Flexible Work Hours (Flextime)	A scheduling policy that gives employees the option of varying their starting and stopping times each work day (e.g. 10:00 am to 4:00 pm) when all employees are required to be present. The intent is to allow employees greater flexibility to adjust work hours to individual time schedules and commuting.
High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lane	An HOV is any passenger vehicle that carries two or more passengers. Examples: buspools, carpools, vanpools. An HOV lane is a travel lane reserved for the use of high occupancy vehicles such as buses, vanpools, and carpools. Also referred to as diamond lanes (with diamonds painted on the pavement) and exclusive transitways.
Mixed-Use Development	Defined by the Urban Land Institute as developments with the following criteria: (1) three or more significant revenue-producing uses (such as office, retail, residential, hotel/motel, entertainment, cultural, recreation, etc.) that in well-planned projects are mutually supporting; (2) significant physical and functional integration of project components (and thus a relatively intensive use of land), including uninterrupted pedestrian connections; and (3) development in conformance with a coherent plan (which frequently stipulates the type and scale of uses, permit- ted densities, and related developmental consideration).
Parking Management	Parking Management Measures that favor carpools and vanpools, including parking charges for drive-alone commuter parking, preferential parking for pool vehicles, and the elimination of free or low-cost, on-street parking employment areas. lots may also be established in areas outside of the work site in combination with shuttle bus services to keep motor vehicles out of congested employment areas.
Preferential Parking	This concept involves assigning the most desirable parking spaces, such as those closest to building entrances, for the exclusive use of carpools and vanpools. In addition, parking charges may be partially reduced or eliminated for poolers, who may also be exempted from any hourly parking limits that exit.
Staggered Work Hours	A scheduling policy in which the times that groups of employees begin and end work are staggered over a range from 15 minutes to two hours. The intent is to spread out commuting peaks.
Telework	According to the International Telework Association and Council, a work arrangement in which an employee regularly works at an alternate worksite such as the employee's home, a telecommuting center (Telecenter), or other alternate worksite. A telecommuting alternate worksite is any facility, in which the employee works, which time-wise) to a main worksite or (2) otherwise affords the employee, the employee’s organization, and/or its customers conveniences/benefits from not having to travel to the main worksite. A main worksite is any facility where the employee would normally perform work if there were no alternate worksite. To be considered telecommuting, the work done must be in paid status. Thus, for example, working at home extra hours for which the employee is not paid is not telecommuting. The arrangement must be an on-going, regularly used activity; to satisfy this definition, a worker must telework a minimum average of once/week in a continuous arrangement that is on-going for a minimum of at least a year.
Transportation Management Association (TMA)	A TMA is an organized group applying carefully selected approaches to facilitating the movement of people and goods with an area.  TMAs are often legally constituted and frequently lead by the private sector in partnership with the public sector to solve transportation problems.  Source:  TMA Handbook (2001)
Trip Reduction Ordinances (TROs)	Regulations passed by local government which require developers, property owners and employers to participate or assist in financing transportation management efforts. Ordinances may specify a target reduction in the number of vehicle trips expected from a development based on standardized trip generation rates, establish peak periods for travel reduction, establish time tables for compliance and penalties for non-compliance.
Vanpool	A group of 6 or more passengers sharing a ride in a prearranged group. Usually one or two of the members are regular drivers, who pick up other riders at specific points and take them to common or nearby employment sites, then return them to the pickup point(s) after the end of the work day. Some portion of the van's ownership and operating costs are usually paid for by the riders on a monthly basis. Vanpooling may be employer-sponsored with the company owning and maintaining the vehicles, or it may be provided through a third party leasing company.